TRIUMPH IAS ACADEMY MUMBAI

On 20th - 22nd, June 2012 , the UNCSD   will take place in Rio de Janeiro . Also referred to as the Rio+20 or the Earth Summit 2012 due to the initial conference held in Rio in 1992, the objectives of the Summit are: To secure renewed political commitment to sustainable development; To asses progress towards internationally agreed goals on sustainable development To address new and emerging challenges. The Summit will also focus on two specific themes:   A GREEN ECONOMY in the context of poverty eradication and sustainable development, An institutional framework for sustainable development. Commitments Commitments that have defined a pathway for sustainability development include the Stockholm declaration(1972) http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID=97&ArticleID=1503  Agenda 21(1992) http://www.un.org/esa/dsd/agenda21/res_agenda21_00.shtml The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development(1992) http://www.un.org/documents/ga/conf151/...

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Green Climate Fund In order to scale up the provision of long-term financing for developing countries, Governments at COP 16 in Cancun decided to establish a Green Climate Fund. The fund will support projects, programmes, policies and other activities in developing country Parties using thematic funding windows. A Transitional Committee selected by Parties to the UNFCCC will design the details of the new fund, which will be designated as an operating entity of the financial mechanism of the Convention and will be accountable to the Technology Mechanism The new Technology Mechanism is expected to facilitate enhanced action on technology development and transfer to support action on mitigation and adaptation. The Mechanism consists of two key components: a Technology Executive Committee and a Climate Technology Centre and Network . COP Cancun Adaptation Framework The objective of the  Cancun Adaptation Framework  is to enhance action on adaptation, includ...

Parties The Convention divides countries into three main groups according to differing commitments: Annex I Parties include the industrialized countries that were members of the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) in 1992, plus countries with economies in transition (the EIT Parties), including the Russian Federation, the Baltic States, and several Central and Eastern European States. Annex II Parties consist of the OECD members of Annex I, but not the EIT Parties. They are required to provide financial resources to enable developing countries to undertake emissions reduction activities under the Convention and to help them adapt to adverse effects of climate change. In addition, they have to "take all practicable steps" to promote the development and transfer of environmentally friendly technologies to EIT Parties and developing countries. Funding provided by Annex II Parties is channelled mostly through the Convention’s financial mechanism. ...

1.Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked with UNFCCC. 2.It sets binding targets for 37 industrialized countries and European community to reduce Green house Gas(GHG) emissions. 3.These amounts to an average of five percent against the 1990 levels for the period of five years 2008-2012. 4.Kyoto protocol was adopted in kyoto,Japan in 1997 and came in to force in 2005. 5. The detailed rules for the implementation of the Protocol were adopted at COP 7 in Marrakesh in 2001, and are called the “Marrakesh Accords.” 6.Kyoto mechanisms are i Clean Development Mechanism ii Emissions Trading iii Joint Implementation