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Low earth orbit refers to an altitude up to 2,000 km or less. A satellite in the LEO can monitor activities on the ground and water surfaces.

A low Earth orbit requires the lowest amount of energy for satellite placement. It provides high bandwidth and low communication latency. Satellites and space stations in LEO are more accessible for crew and servicing.

Earth observation satellites and spy satellites use LEO as they are able to see the surface of the Earth clearly by being close to it.
The International Space Station is in a LEO about 330 km to 420 km above Earth’s surface.

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